Bone marrow is a tissue in the central cavity of bones. Is a hematopoietic tissue, that is to say, it continually makes cells called "stem cells" originally three blood cell lines
→ Directions
• The levy is necessary for the diagnosis of leukemia: it will highlight the proliferation of white blood cells mature or immature for the type of leukemia (lymphoid or myeloid).
• It is part of the staging of lymphoma, in search of an impaired bone marrow.
• It may be mentioned in the context of disease surveillance during and after treatment.
• It is conducted at a bone marrow transplant, the patient himself (autologous) or from a donor (allograft).
→ Sampling methods
We can take the bone marrow in two ways, by sternal puncture or biopsy (also called bone biopsy).
• The sternal puncture
After local anesthesia of the skin, sternal puncture is made on the curved part of the sternum with a needle called a trocar. Bone marrow, which has the consistency of a thin blood is sucked by a syringe and the sample is then spread on slides and examined microscopically for cytological examination or myelogram.
• Bone marrow biopsy
It complements the sternal puncture if the information provided by it are insufficient (eg if the marrow contains few cells or if it is very fibrous).
It is performed under local anesthesia on a pelvis bone, above the buttock. The bone harvest is performed using a trocar. After preparation and staining, bone tissue is examined microscopically for histological examination.
→ Disadvantages
These samples are generally well tolerated and relatively painless. A small local sensitivity is possible, yielding easily to analgesic medicines.
There are no cons-indications for these examinations. However, it should tell a doctor about taking anticoagulant therapy or the existence of an allergy to local anesthetics.
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
Monday, August 24, 2009
SAMPLING: puncture, biopsy
It involves taking a piece of body using a needle called a trocar. This is bigger than the needle used for blood sampling for example because it is intended to cut a sample (carrot) of solid fabric.
→ The conduct of a biopsy: It is most often under local anesthesia. The biopsy is done through the skin (breast, kidney, bone marrow), through a mucosa during endoscopy (uterus), or in a cavity (lungs, bladder, digestive organs).
It can be guided by imaging techniques (ultrasound, CT scan) to better identify the needle and the area to biopsy. There is an apparatus for automated biopsy for breast tumors called mammotome. The biopsy allows diagnosis of cancer The sample of tissue is examined microscopically (histologically) and the results of this review are then sent by the laboratory to medical oncologist.
→ The conduct of a biopsy: It is most often under local anesthesia. The biopsy is done through the skin (breast, kidney, bone marrow), through a mucosa during endoscopy (uterus), or in a cavity (lungs, bladder, digestive organs).
It can be guided by imaging techniques (ultrasound, CT scan) to better identify the needle and the area to biopsy. There is an apparatus for automated biopsy for breast tumors called mammotome. The biopsy allows diagnosis of cancer The sample of tissue is examined microscopically (histologically) and the results of this review are then sent by the laboratory to medical oncologist.
CLINICAL EXAMINATION
CLINICAL EXAMINATION Clinical examination is guided by the motive of the first consultation, the symptoms reported by the patient and the initial findings by the doctor at the organ level (area?) Ill.
Clinical examination includes:
It includes:
• physical examination of the affected region, then a thorough examination
• an initial assessment of the overall condition of the person consulting designed to assess weight
• the status of major cardiac, pulmonary, renal, mental,
• tolerance for possible surgery • with radiotherapy
• chemotherapy. It allows to explain and further investigations are necessary:
• clarify the diagnosis
• collect all clinical data and biological form for pre-therapeutic
• blood samples
• imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, scintigraphy, CT, MRI, ...)
• puncture biopsy • endoscopy
• Anesthesia The results of clinical examination and additional tests can achieve a synthesis of elements specific to the person examined and to prepare the therapeutic sequence (or protocol) that will later be proposed to the patient. t
Clinical examination includes:
It includes:
• physical examination of the affected region, then a thorough examination
• an initial assessment of the overall condition of the person consulting designed to assess weight
• the status of major cardiac, pulmonary, renal, mental,
• tolerance for possible surgery • with radiotherapy
• chemotherapy. It allows to explain and further investigations are necessary:
• clarify the diagnosis
• collect all clinical data and biological form for pre-therapeutic
• blood samples
• imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, scintigraphy, CT, MRI, ...)
• puncture biopsy • endoscopy
• Anesthesia The results of clinical examination and additional tests can achieve a synthesis of elements specific to the person examined and to prepare the therapeutic sequence (or protocol) that will later be proposed to the patient. t
PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF CANCER
The announcement of cancer creates a psychological crisis: excitement, difficulty concentrating when we need to understand complicated medical information and distressing. This is all that this shock can awaken other previous painful experiences.
In addition, cancer treatments are often as scared as the disease. Feel free to ask questions at the doctor, you need to be informed to accept treatment and participate in treatment choices that affect you.
Express your feelings with the care team, your parents or your friends. Speaking allows us to release emotions contained, said his hopes, his concern ... If you do not succeed, the intervention of a psychologist can help you manage the distress associated with illness. You can better tolerate your treatments and thus better meet your cancer. Some patients prefer to trade with people who have gone through the same ordeal that is the purpose of discussion groups and associations.
If there is no psychologist in your place of treatment and you do not know any discussion groups, please contact the National League Against Cancer. The word "cancer" scares you In cancer than elsewhere, comparison is not right. It was not "the" cancer, has cancer, very different depending on its location (colon or breast for example), its seriousness, its extension, the treatment he requires.
The trauma of the diagnosis is often the only common point between patients. One may have a cancer in childhood or in the latter part of life, he can be cured by a simple operation or require lengthy treatment. Cancer of that organ, the colon or lung, may indeed have forms, treatments and an evolution quite different.
→ How to find landmarks? Ask specific information to your oncologist, have them repeat yourself. Do you support a close to your appointment if you can. You can discuss and compare what you heard. Ask your GP, it is essential support. It is the same nurses who are familiar with the disease.
Anxiety leads to multiply efforts and this results most often contradictory information even more disturbing.
Be careful not to be blinded by the cancer experience of a relative cancer media coverage of any known person. There is no model of cancer treatment. Indeed, beware of informants zealots who want to tell "their" cancer, the misfortunes of others or make you "sparkle" of miraculous treatments without side effects. National League Against Cancer publishes pamphlets, many hospitals have their own documents on the salaries they can help you.
Do you feel responsible for your cancer?
Why, and especially why me? It's easy to arrive at "what have I done to deserve this, to have triggered this?".
For several years, psychological explanations are "fashionable" and spend too easily for possible causes of cancer. The stress, bereavement, stress, anxiety, everything is put into play to understand the inexplicable: cancer. There is no evidence, no scientific validity to these interpretations of cancer, except that they relieve.
Why? They help give a face to the enemy incomprehensible. We want to do something. Lacking any guilt, it is easy to incriminate oneself and to blame the mismanagement of his life. Yet for cancer, there is no need to add guilt.
Each of us has the right and need to make history of her cancer: "It's because ..." it's a way to tame it.
This is not to deny the psychological effects of the disease. We must strive to find effective psychological defenses to confront the disease, for a better life. It improves the quality of life and ability to better care, psychological suffering being sometimes as cruel as physical pain.
Interviews with psychologists can find words to express the trauma, anxiety, emotions difficult to monitor and recover a better psychological functioning. The influence of support on the quality of life of patients is recognized. Talking is an effective weapon should not be overlooked in a time lived as a true fight against cancer.
There usual psychological consequences of cancer?
Of course, everyone reacts with its nature, history and knowledge of the disease. We find nevertheless felt common in sick people. Can describe: • A psychology of crisis: emotional reactions difficult to control, anxiety, insomnia, inability to comprehend or refusal to hear information that scare. These reactions are normal.
This period is shorter or longer depending on the people. Care by health department, repeated information, the beginning of treatment and intervention of a psychologist can most often a gradual adaptation. • alterations of the self-image. Most treatments cause changes in the body, scars or sequelae in surgery cases, hair loss, weight loss or weight gain, effects of chemotherapy, hormonal changes always painful.
Even people who have little or no visible marks on their bodies feel changed, sometimes foreign to themselves for a longer or shorter. It is useful to overcome the shyness that prevents him from speaking. Psychological work allows you to discover yourself despite the changes. • The time of uncertainty. The significance of time changes for the patient. He was first marked by the treatments. People feel so dependent on the hospital.
After treatment begins the difficult management of uncertainty about the future: remission or cure. Each individual patient wants or would like to know "his" future. Relapse of a relative or bad news in the media can maintain or bring forth anxiety. She reminds patients of their vulnerability. It takes time to live normally, to find oneself. The surroundings, even the doctors do not always adequately take into account the expression of this anxiety. We want to reassure all costs, sometimes with the opposite effect.
It is often more effective to let each person express his fears and find, over time, a different relationship with life, but something different times richer. • Family relationships. The family, as the patient will be affected by the diagnosis and often feel the same emotions, not always to the same time. Think about that because it creates psychological shifts tougher. Never forget your loved ones in their way, are also disturbed even if they do not show.
The important thing is to speak simply of your cancer when you feel able to do so. Some of your relatives will react sometimes difficult to understand or accept. Some will minimize any cost seek to reassure you, others panic, sometimes to temporarily distance. What you ask them to respect you, he should try to tolerate it from them.
The enemy is cancer and not your family, even if the world tends to seem dangerous or hostile because of him. In such times of crisis, they may indeed be irritable, anxious and aggressive. Do not hesitate to share your emotions and your anxiety. And, mirroring, understand overreactions around you.
You have trouble communicating with your loved
With your spouse, you may have trouble communicating, it should. What we saw is divided so painfully hard in the early days, sometimes especially with those we love most. Have the courage to say "I'm afraid I am ill, console me," the courage, as requested quiet if you need it. With older parents or fragile, take your time but in any case, it is better to tell the truth. If you're away, ask a relative to inform them calmly.
Their doctor can be a good interlocutor. Often guilt "I do not want to hurt their" annoyance to adopt the right solution. You will almost always surprised that honesty does not hurt. Lying, even to protect, prevent any communication.
Children, however small, must be informed with simple words. They always know what is meant to hide and imagine the worst case of silence. Is us that we protect by not telling them not, they need to comfort their sick parents, to participate in what happens in their family. Tell them if you need to be hospitalized, tell them goodbye because nothing is more frightening than a departure unanticipated aggravation that has not been announced.
Of course, every family has a story, a child mode of reaction, but never forget they have a right to know what happens to one of their parents. If you fear too much, ask your spouse, a relative who knows them, talk to them. Can say "you know Mom or Dad is sick and tired and asked me to explain what is happening. It is important to preserve their habits in these situations, separation from their environment if they are not indispensable, aggravate their distress.
With adolescents, more importantly, even if sometimes they do "as if" they were not concerned. Some will even be unpleasant, arrange to be rejected. Is often an indirect way of expressing their distress, and this will be more difficult to manage when they are not well informed. They are sometimes confusing, uncomfortable. A threat for a parent with whom they are apparently in conflict, may feel guilty. They often fail to ask questions. Go to meet them and show them that you need them of course without asking them too.
Parents are made to be strong and protect their children. The illness of a parent pushes all roles and all the family reference. Again, talk simply facilitates a gradual adaptation. It takes time to live together this event. Close friends can also be valuable intermediates.
What a group of speech and what can you bring? Many sick during or after illness, expressed the need to share with people experiencing or have experienced the same event. Is the group object word to be that place of sharing and listening. It speaks, we say what we can not say either at home or the doctor. Mutual understanding gave rise to a solidarity which enables each other to rebuild.
These groups, which meet regularly, are led by professionals including a psychologist. They are organized by the National League Against Cancer in a number of departments.
Discussion groups of relatives are also organized. Having one of his suffering from cancer is a difficult test: it is invested with a heavy emotional burden and we often feel isolated. Gather to share this event, speak of their difficulties, learn how not to get his own anguish at its close, how to cope with his guilt, how to manage family life often disrupted by this event. This suggested that groups speaking relatives. They are led by a psychologist and a doctor.
In addition, cancer treatments are often as scared as the disease. Feel free to ask questions at the doctor, you need to be informed to accept treatment and participate in treatment choices that affect you.
Express your feelings with the care team, your parents or your friends. Speaking allows us to release emotions contained, said his hopes, his concern ... If you do not succeed, the intervention of a psychologist can help you manage the distress associated with illness. You can better tolerate your treatments and thus better meet your cancer. Some patients prefer to trade with people who have gone through the same ordeal that is the purpose of discussion groups and associations.
If there is no psychologist in your place of treatment and you do not know any discussion groups, please contact the National League Against Cancer. The word "cancer" scares you In cancer than elsewhere, comparison is not right. It was not "the" cancer, has cancer, very different depending on its location (colon or breast for example), its seriousness, its extension, the treatment he requires.
The trauma of the diagnosis is often the only common point between patients. One may have a cancer in childhood or in the latter part of life, he can be cured by a simple operation or require lengthy treatment. Cancer of that organ, the colon or lung, may indeed have forms, treatments and an evolution quite different.
→ How to find landmarks? Ask specific information to your oncologist, have them repeat yourself. Do you support a close to your appointment if you can. You can discuss and compare what you heard. Ask your GP, it is essential support. It is the same nurses who are familiar with the disease.
Anxiety leads to multiply efforts and this results most often contradictory information even more disturbing.
Be careful not to be blinded by the cancer experience of a relative cancer media coverage of any known person. There is no model of cancer treatment. Indeed, beware of informants zealots who want to tell "their" cancer, the misfortunes of others or make you "sparkle" of miraculous treatments without side effects. National League Against Cancer publishes pamphlets, many hospitals have their own documents on the salaries they can help you.
Do you feel responsible for your cancer?
Why, and especially why me? It's easy to arrive at "what have I done to deserve this, to have triggered this?".
For several years, psychological explanations are "fashionable" and spend too easily for possible causes of cancer. The stress, bereavement, stress, anxiety, everything is put into play to understand the inexplicable: cancer. There is no evidence, no scientific validity to these interpretations of cancer, except that they relieve.
Why? They help give a face to the enemy incomprehensible. We want to do something. Lacking any guilt, it is easy to incriminate oneself and to blame the mismanagement of his life. Yet for cancer, there is no need to add guilt.
Each of us has the right and need to make history of her cancer: "It's because ..." it's a way to tame it.
This is not to deny the psychological effects of the disease. We must strive to find effective psychological defenses to confront the disease, for a better life. It improves the quality of life and ability to better care, psychological suffering being sometimes as cruel as physical pain.
Interviews with psychologists can find words to express the trauma, anxiety, emotions difficult to monitor and recover a better psychological functioning. The influence of support on the quality of life of patients is recognized. Talking is an effective weapon should not be overlooked in a time lived as a true fight against cancer.
There usual psychological consequences of cancer?
Of course, everyone reacts with its nature, history and knowledge of the disease. We find nevertheless felt common in sick people. Can describe: • A psychology of crisis: emotional reactions difficult to control, anxiety, insomnia, inability to comprehend or refusal to hear information that scare. These reactions are normal.
This period is shorter or longer depending on the people. Care by health department, repeated information, the beginning of treatment and intervention of a psychologist can most often a gradual adaptation. • alterations of the self-image. Most treatments cause changes in the body, scars or sequelae in surgery cases, hair loss, weight loss or weight gain, effects of chemotherapy, hormonal changes always painful.
Even people who have little or no visible marks on their bodies feel changed, sometimes foreign to themselves for a longer or shorter. It is useful to overcome the shyness that prevents him from speaking. Psychological work allows you to discover yourself despite the changes. • The time of uncertainty. The significance of time changes for the patient. He was first marked by the treatments. People feel so dependent on the hospital.
After treatment begins the difficult management of uncertainty about the future: remission or cure. Each individual patient wants or would like to know "his" future. Relapse of a relative or bad news in the media can maintain or bring forth anxiety. She reminds patients of their vulnerability. It takes time to live normally, to find oneself. The surroundings, even the doctors do not always adequately take into account the expression of this anxiety. We want to reassure all costs, sometimes with the opposite effect.
It is often more effective to let each person express his fears and find, over time, a different relationship with life, but something different times richer. • Family relationships. The family, as the patient will be affected by the diagnosis and often feel the same emotions, not always to the same time. Think about that because it creates psychological shifts tougher. Never forget your loved ones in their way, are also disturbed even if they do not show.
The important thing is to speak simply of your cancer when you feel able to do so. Some of your relatives will react sometimes difficult to understand or accept. Some will minimize any cost seek to reassure you, others panic, sometimes to temporarily distance. What you ask them to respect you, he should try to tolerate it from them.
The enemy is cancer and not your family, even if the world tends to seem dangerous or hostile because of him. In such times of crisis, they may indeed be irritable, anxious and aggressive. Do not hesitate to share your emotions and your anxiety. And, mirroring, understand overreactions around you.
You have trouble communicating with your loved
With your spouse, you may have trouble communicating, it should. What we saw is divided so painfully hard in the early days, sometimes especially with those we love most. Have the courage to say "I'm afraid I am ill, console me," the courage, as requested quiet if you need it. With older parents or fragile, take your time but in any case, it is better to tell the truth. If you're away, ask a relative to inform them calmly.
Their doctor can be a good interlocutor. Often guilt "I do not want to hurt their" annoyance to adopt the right solution. You will almost always surprised that honesty does not hurt. Lying, even to protect, prevent any communication.
Children, however small, must be informed with simple words. They always know what is meant to hide and imagine the worst case of silence. Is us that we protect by not telling them not, they need to comfort their sick parents, to participate in what happens in their family. Tell them if you need to be hospitalized, tell them goodbye because nothing is more frightening than a departure unanticipated aggravation that has not been announced.
Of course, every family has a story, a child mode of reaction, but never forget they have a right to know what happens to one of their parents. If you fear too much, ask your spouse, a relative who knows them, talk to them. Can say "you know Mom or Dad is sick and tired and asked me to explain what is happening. It is important to preserve their habits in these situations, separation from their environment if they are not indispensable, aggravate their distress.
With adolescents, more importantly, even if sometimes they do "as if" they were not concerned. Some will even be unpleasant, arrange to be rejected. Is often an indirect way of expressing their distress, and this will be more difficult to manage when they are not well informed. They are sometimes confusing, uncomfortable. A threat for a parent with whom they are apparently in conflict, may feel guilty. They often fail to ask questions. Go to meet them and show them that you need them of course without asking them too.
Parents are made to be strong and protect their children. The illness of a parent pushes all roles and all the family reference. Again, talk simply facilitates a gradual adaptation. It takes time to live together this event. Close friends can also be valuable intermediates.
What a group of speech and what can you bring? Many sick during or after illness, expressed the need to share with people experiencing or have experienced the same event. Is the group object word to be that place of sharing and listening. It speaks, we say what we can not say either at home or the doctor. Mutual understanding gave rise to a solidarity which enables each other to rebuild.
These groups, which meet regularly, are led by professionals including a psychologist. They are organized by the National League Against Cancer in a number of departments.
Discussion groups of relatives are also organized. Having one of his suffering from cancer is a difficult test: it is invested with a heavy emotional burden and we often feel isolated. Gather to share this event, speak of their difficulties, learn how not to get his own anguish at its close, how to cope with his guilt, how to manage family life often disrupted by this event. This suggested that groups speaking relatives. They are led by a psychologist and a doctor.
BEAUTY AND CANCER
Take care of your body and feel beautiful (or handsome!) Is an important element that contributes to mental balance, sense of well-being. This is of course true, if not obvious when one is healthy but should not be overlooked when one has the misfortune to fall ill. While the body is maltreated by the disease, treatment often very aggressive but the appearance must be preserved by appropriate treatment.
"The desire to be beautiful" despite the illness is a legitimate request made by many women with breast cancer as demonstrated a few years ago a survey conducted at the Institut Curie. And if reconstructive surgery is now an integral part of cancer surgery, one can hope that tomorrow, beauty treatments will also be a response "natural."
Booths aesthetic hospital
Feel beautiful or handsome is not something trivial and helps maintain morale, while also being a way of expressing a desire not to be dominated by the disease. Because taking care of her appearance may have positive effects on morale and thus on the evolution of the disease, some began to introduce the beauty treatments at the hospital. Thus booths beauty treatments are emerging in some centers cancer treatment as is the case at the Institut Curie.
These treatments, however, represent significant costs, especially if we ensure the permanent presence of a beautician. To address this issue economic associations have created, funded by generous patrons. This applies to the association France CEW (Cosmetic Executive Women), which has already ensured the establishment of 10 centers in beauty care facilities in the Paris region and to develop its activities in the region.
Beauty treatments to rehabilitate an image
The disease affects the body image can have of himself, beauty services needed as a way to rehabilitate that image. Through his work as a beautician helps the patient to forget his illness. This is especially true during care in booths aesthetic patients reported there to forget their illness, find relaxation which is so lacking when one is subjected to the rhythm often very restrictive treatment. This rehabilitation of the image itself, but through the eyes of his entourage, friends she's done. Gaze of others is indeed a fearsome mirror in which we receive many messages!
Continue beauty care at home
You used to make beauty treatments before the disease. Above all, do not give up the pretext that you are sick. These treatments will help you morally and stronger (stronger) to confront the disease and fight it. Will this be affected by the evolution of the disease? Not directly but indirectly of course, certainly, for the simple reason that all doctors know that the will to fight the disease accounts for much of the therapeutic result. However, beauty can only help to strengthen this commitment.
Above all, do not believe that beauty is the prerogative of women! The market for beauty products for men is growing very rapidly right now, showing well as they too want to treat their aesthetics, whether or not patients.
"The desire to be beautiful" despite the illness is a legitimate request made by many women with breast cancer as demonstrated a few years ago a survey conducted at the Institut Curie. And if reconstructive surgery is now an integral part of cancer surgery, one can hope that tomorrow, beauty treatments will also be a response "natural."
Booths aesthetic hospital
Feel beautiful or handsome is not something trivial and helps maintain morale, while also being a way of expressing a desire not to be dominated by the disease. Because taking care of her appearance may have positive effects on morale and thus on the evolution of the disease, some began to introduce the beauty treatments at the hospital. Thus booths beauty treatments are emerging in some centers cancer treatment as is the case at the Institut Curie.
These treatments, however, represent significant costs, especially if we ensure the permanent presence of a beautician. To address this issue economic associations have created, funded by generous patrons. This applies to the association France CEW (Cosmetic Executive Women), which has already ensured the establishment of 10 centers in beauty care facilities in the Paris region and to develop its activities in the region.
Beauty treatments to rehabilitate an image
The disease affects the body image can have of himself, beauty services needed as a way to rehabilitate that image. Through his work as a beautician helps the patient to forget his illness. This is especially true during care in booths aesthetic patients reported there to forget their illness, find relaxation which is so lacking when one is subjected to the rhythm often very restrictive treatment. This rehabilitation of the image itself, but through the eyes of his entourage, friends she's done. Gaze of others is indeed a fearsome mirror in which we receive many messages!
Continue beauty care at home
You used to make beauty treatments before the disease. Above all, do not give up the pretext that you are sick. These treatments will help you morally and stronger (stronger) to confront the disease and fight it. Will this be affected by the evolution of the disease? Not directly but indirectly of course, certainly, for the simple reason that all doctors know that the will to fight the disease accounts for much of the therapeutic result. However, beauty can only help to strengthen this commitment.
Above all, do not believe that beauty is the prerogative of women! The market for beauty products for men is growing very rapidly right now, showing well as they too want to treat their aesthetics, whether or not patients.
SEXUALITY AND CANCER
During treatment, you may feel a certain "sexual fatigue. Apart cancers directly affect sexual organs, the slowdown of desire is most often normal and passenger. For cancers affecting the pelvis or abdomen, treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy ...) can prevent sex for some time. Furthermore blockages physical, psychological blocks may also occur. It is essential to talk with your doctor and especially with your partner, who also needs to be reassured.
The resumption of sexual life for man
→ Is Cancer Contagious? The lack of contagion of cancer is a certainty.
→ Following treatment, a man can resume normal sexual activity?
There is nothing objectionable, in fact, in the cases of cancer are not directly area male sex "sexual fatigue" and reduced libido are common and are only temporary. Factors both psychological and physiological come into play. Indeed, the mechanisms depend on the sexual secretion of hormones such as testosterone, whose secretion can be disturbed by the treatments. Psychological factors and fatigue are also involved in restoring a normal sex life.
Remember to talk to your doctor, but above all, with your partner. He / She needs to be reassured (e), in his fear of wearying you or hurt you. However, the situation is somewhat different for people who suffered from cancer that directly affect the sexual area (prostate, testis, Hodgkin's disease or ostomy).
→ What are the consequences of testicular cancer on male sexuality? First, we must know that to remove a testicle affects neither the desire nor the capacity for erection and ejaculation. Left testis is able to provide only the production of sperm. The erectile dysfunction after pelvic radiation therapy are common but reversible.
Proportional to the dose of radiation received, they are explained by damage to nerves and vessels which make impossible a blood supply sufficient for an erection. Finally, some treatments such as pelvic lymphadenectomy also lead to ejaculation. The duration of these disorders is highly variable. Therefore, if the patient wishes to eventually have a child, we propose to do before processing a sample of semen to be frozen. Check with your doctor.
→ What are the consequences of prostate cancer on male sexuality? Radical prostatectomy (prostate removal) is almost always followed by impotence. To reduce this risk, less invasive techniques are still under review at present (laparoscopic prostatectomy). Radiotherapy causes, too, in many cases, erectile dysfunction. As with drug treatments, most affect the secretion of testosterone.
Currently, various methods for stimulating an erection local injections (intravenous), drugs vasodilators erectile stimulants. Recall that these are prohibited if cardiovascular problems and many cons indications exist. Only your physician is authorized to prescribe them.
→ What are the consequences on male sexuality for ostomy? If you have had an ostomy, your sexual functions are not affected. It is often difficult to resume a normal life for psychological reasons. Remember to talk to your spouse (e) and with your doctor.
→ What are the consequences of Hodgkin's disease or other lymphomas on male sexuality? The treatments you have received do not affect your desire or your sex life. However, some chemotherapy can impair male fertility. Although this is rare since the introduction of new chemotherapy. If pelvic radiation should be considered and want to have a child, tell your doctor to consider freezing your sperm beforehand.
The resumption of sexual life for women
→ Is Cancer Contagious? The lack of contagion of cancer is a certainty.
→ Following treatment, a woman she can resume normal sexual activity? In the case of cancers that do not directly affect sexual parts, nothing prevents the resumption of a normal sex life. However, it is common to find signs of a "sexual fatigue" or a lack of desire. Usually these symptoms are only temporary. Allow yourself some time, speak with your partner. This is not a taboo subject. He / She also needs to be reassured (e) because he / she is often afraid of hurting you or disturb you. Feel free to discuss both with your doctor who will refer you, if necessary, to a specialist, sexologist or psychologist.
→ What are the consequences of breast cancer on female sexuality? There is no physiological reason not to resume normal sexual activity after a breast cancer. If you have had chemotherapy, know that it often leads to hormonal disturbances and a cessation of menstruation (amenorrhea).
These disorders are usually transient but can lead to early onset of menopause, with signs often more important than for menopause "natural" .. Please understand that in the case of breast cancer, replacement therapy of menopause are typically removed but new thinking on this is ongoing. When breast cancer requires surgery and breast removal (mastectomy), psychological trauma can be extremely intense due to the alteration of self-image.
If this is your case, keep in mind that a breast reconstruction is feasible, ie plastic surgery, the techniques and details have progressed greatly in recent years. Sometimes the scar of the mastectomy or breast reconstruction is painful. We must talk to your partner to adapt the gestures and positions that suit you. Also talk to your doctor, he can advise you.
→ What are the consequences of cancer of the uterus female sexuality? One is at the neck of the uterus is not detrimental to the resumption of normal sexual activity. But you have a little patience. If you do not undergo ablation, about two months will be necessary for healing. If ablation is considered, with or without chemotherapy, healing time will be longer.
If hysterectomy (removal of the body of the uterus) or oophorectomy (ovary removal) is performed, so after a suitable healing time, loving relationship should resume seamlessly. Removal of ovaries causes menopause, and these two surgeries are the cause of infertility. Pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy (placement of a radioactive source in the vagina or uterus) generate significant hormonal disorders, which are often only transient.
Finally, these interventions can lead to the resumption of sexual activity, some physical discomfort, due to the shortening of the vagina and hardening, dryness of mucous membranes and increased awareness of infection, which should not be too offended.
Over time, the prescription of lubricants or hormone treatments, everything should return to normal.
→ What are the consequences of a lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease on female sexuality? We may offer, prior pelvic irradiation, an ovarian transposition to protect your ovaries if you are not menopausal and want children. Regarding the resumption of sexual life, nothing prevents.
→ After cancer, can women use contraception? In the case of breast cancer, given current knowledge, prudence recommended prohibiting women receiving hormonal contraceptives. We must therefore resort to mechanical methods such as the IUD. But in other cases, there is no general rule of cons-indication to taking the pill.
Having a Baby
→ You want to have a child. Is this possible? Having a child after being diagnosed with cancer is quite possible and safely. Some questions must be asked, however, before or after.
→ humans Some chemotherapy or radiation made during adolescence can cause infertility, more or less durable depending on the type of drugs used. We can offer you, before starting treatment, to take your sperm and keep it. Is the case for some forms of Hodgkin's disease or testicular cancer. If you are concerned and if you want to be a father, talk to your doctor before.
→ For women Before you get pregnant, you should consider a number of factors: • your age •
intensity of your desire to be a mother • your general health: in all cancers, as with any severe illness, it is desirable to find a physical and mental equilibrium before starting a pregnancy, • prognosis of your illness and its decline since the date of your last salary, • potential harm to the child in terms of treatment received.
After breast cancer, it was demonstrated that pregnancy has no additional risk. A delay is needed. Talk to your doctor and be reassured. Nothing prevents you from being a parent, quite the contrary, but we really have to prepare.
→ You have had cancer. Your children do they risk? Only 5 to 8% of cancers are of familial origin with 5% of breast cancers and 5% of colon cancers. For a cancer is family background, it is necessary that several cases have presented themselves in the family occurred, moreover, at an early age. In all cases, talk to your doctor before alerting your children needlessly.
The resumption of sexual life for man
→ Is Cancer Contagious? The lack of contagion of cancer is a certainty.
→ Following treatment, a man can resume normal sexual activity?
There is nothing objectionable, in fact, in the cases of cancer are not directly area male sex "sexual fatigue" and reduced libido are common and are only temporary. Factors both psychological and physiological come into play. Indeed, the mechanisms depend on the sexual secretion of hormones such as testosterone, whose secretion can be disturbed by the treatments. Psychological factors and fatigue are also involved in restoring a normal sex life.
Remember to talk to your doctor, but above all, with your partner. He / She needs to be reassured (e), in his fear of wearying you or hurt you. However, the situation is somewhat different for people who suffered from cancer that directly affect the sexual area (prostate, testis, Hodgkin's disease or ostomy).
→ What are the consequences of testicular cancer on male sexuality? First, we must know that to remove a testicle affects neither the desire nor the capacity for erection and ejaculation. Left testis is able to provide only the production of sperm. The erectile dysfunction after pelvic radiation therapy are common but reversible.
Proportional to the dose of radiation received, they are explained by damage to nerves and vessels which make impossible a blood supply sufficient for an erection. Finally, some treatments such as pelvic lymphadenectomy also lead to ejaculation. The duration of these disorders is highly variable. Therefore, if the patient wishes to eventually have a child, we propose to do before processing a sample of semen to be frozen. Check with your doctor.
→ What are the consequences of prostate cancer on male sexuality? Radical prostatectomy (prostate removal) is almost always followed by impotence. To reduce this risk, less invasive techniques are still under review at present (laparoscopic prostatectomy). Radiotherapy causes, too, in many cases, erectile dysfunction. As with drug treatments, most affect the secretion of testosterone.
Currently, various methods for stimulating an erection local injections (intravenous), drugs vasodilators erectile stimulants. Recall that these are prohibited if cardiovascular problems and many cons indications exist. Only your physician is authorized to prescribe them.
→ What are the consequences on male sexuality for ostomy? If you have had an ostomy, your sexual functions are not affected. It is often difficult to resume a normal life for psychological reasons. Remember to talk to your spouse (e) and with your doctor.
→ What are the consequences of Hodgkin's disease or other lymphomas on male sexuality? The treatments you have received do not affect your desire or your sex life. However, some chemotherapy can impair male fertility. Although this is rare since the introduction of new chemotherapy. If pelvic radiation should be considered and want to have a child, tell your doctor to consider freezing your sperm beforehand.
The resumption of sexual life for women
→ Is Cancer Contagious? The lack of contagion of cancer is a certainty.
→ Following treatment, a woman she can resume normal sexual activity? In the case of cancers that do not directly affect sexual parts, nothing prevents the resumption of a normal sex life. However, it is common to find signs of a "sexual fatigue" or a lack of desire. Usually these symptoms are only temporary. Allow yourself some time, speak with your partner. This is not a taboo subject. He / She also needs to be reassured (e) because he / she is often afraid of hurting you or disturb you. Feel free to discuss both with your doctor who will refer you, if necessary, to a specialist, sexologist or psychologist.
→ What are the consequences of breast cancer on female sexuality? There is no physiological reason not to resume normal sexual activity after a breast cancer. If you have had chemotherapy, know that it often leads to hormonal disturbances and a cessation of menstruation (amenorrhea).
These disorders are usually transient but can lead to early onset of menopause, with signs often more important than for menopause "natural" .. Please understand that in the case of breast cancer, replacement therapy of menopause are typically removed but new thinking on this is ongoing. When breast cancer requires surgery and breast removal (mastectomy), psychological trauma can be extremely intense due to the alteration of self-image.
If this is your case, keep in mind that a breast reconstruction is feasible, ie plastic surgery, the techniques and details have progressed greatly in recent years. Sometimes the scar of the mastectomy or breast reconstruction is painful. We must talk to your partner to adapt the gestures and positions that suit you. Also talk to your doctor, he can advise you.
→ What are the consequences of cancer of the uterus female sexuality? One is at the neck of the uterus is not detrimental to the resumption of normal sexual activity. But you have a little patience. If you do not undergo ablation, about two months will be necessary for healing. If ablation is considered, with or without chemotherapy, healing time will be longer.
If hysterectomy (removal of the body of the uterus) or oophorectomy (ovary removal) is performed, so after a suitable healing time, loving relationship should resume seamlessly. Removal of ovaries causes menopause, and these two surgeries are the cause of infertility. Pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy (placement of a radioactive source in the vagina or uterus) generate significant hormonal disorders, which are often only transient.
Finally, these interventions can lead to the resumption of sexual activity, some physical discomfort, due to the shortening of the vagina and hardening, dryness of mucous membranes and increased awareness of infection, which should not be too offended.
Over time, the prescription of lubricants or hormone treatments, everything should return to normal.
→ What are the consequences of a lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease on female sexuality? We may offer, prior pelvic irradiation, an ovarian transposition to protect your ovaries if you are not menopausal and want children. Regarding the resumption of sexual life, nothing prevents.
→ After cancer, can women use contraception? In the case of breast cancer, given current knowledge, prudence recommended prohibiting women receiving hormonal contraceptives. We must therefore resort to mechanical methods such as the IUD. But in other cases, there is no general rule of cons-indication to taking the pill.
Having a Baby
→ You want to have a child. Is this possible? Having a child after being diagnosed with cancer is quite possible and safely. Some questions must be asked, however, before or after.
→ humans Some chemotherapy or radiation made during adolescence can cause infertility, more or less durable depending on the type of drugs used. We can offer you, before starting treatment, to take your sperm and keep it. Is the case for some forms of Hodgkin's disease or testicular cancer. If you are concerned and if you want to be a father, talk to your doctor before.
→ For women Before you get pregnant, you should consider a number of factors: • your age •
intensity of your desire to be a mother • your general health: in all cancers, as with any severe illness, it is desirable to find a physical and mental equilibrium before starting a pregnancy, • prognosis of your illness and its decline since the date of your last salary, • potential harm to the child in terms of treatment received.
After breast cancer, it was demonstrated that pregnancy has no additional risk. A delay is needed. Talk to your doctor and be reassured. Nothing prevents you from being a parent, quite the contrary, but we really have to prepare.
→ You have had cancer. Your children do they risk? Only 5 to 8% of cancers are of familial origin with 5% of breast cancers and 5% of colon cancers. For a cancer is family background, it is necessary that several cases have presented themselves in the family occurred, moreover, at an early age. In all cases, talk to your doctor before alerting your children needlessly.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITY OF CANCER
http://jull-cancer-care.blogspot.com/Cancer for which you are being followed and treated at the effect on your quality of life. Your functional abilities in different areas are modified and often reduced. Manage this difficult situation is possible and necessary.
What changes in your life
The consequences of your illness are many. Everyone can feel very differently the impact of cancer, but overall three tables in your life may be modified more or less intense.
→ The physical with reduced functional capacity, strength and resistance, the physical is often affected. On the one hand by the disease itself, partly by the treatments (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) or surgery necessary in some cases. Often very present in your daily life, the pain affects your sleep and contributes to this alteration of the physical. Fatigue caused can be extreme, causing generalized weakness hindering any of your activities.
→ The psychological aspect: the anxiety generated by the announcement of cancer, which is entirely justified by the importance of such a disease, is often the cause of a morose and depressed behavior. The feeling of distress may also contribute to a loss of autonomy to be taken into account daily. Fatigue and pain can again contribute to a great motivation, loss of interest for many daily tasks. Feelings of frustration, sadness or irritability are commonly cited.
→ The social aspect: fatigue and pain, both physical and moral are involved in decreased activity relationships. Problems with concentration or memory loss you push you back on yourself, to isolate you. Your emotional life suffers. When the work was interrupted, a social bond is broken, and that's all your emotional environment and social alters. Libido may also suffer from this difficult period and away from your partner.
The impact of the disease is such that it causes in some people disabling symptoms, forcing them to go to bed.
Adapting
→ Whatever the proposed treatment, the newspaper will require you to redesign one of your habits. Periods of treatment or surgery of trauma are particularly confusing. It is essential to adapt best to overcome these trials. The entourage is often inseparable from the patient's journey with cancer.
It represents a capital support and guidance you need to know to prepare and preserve. It can help you to have hope, to fight, and prevail over the disease. But if he starts to lose and fragile, it may affect you in managing your background and psychological therapy daily.
It is therefore appropriate that the surroundings are well informed in order to fit better in this new context. Feel free to ask for help if needed. By delegating daily tasks and planning your work you will have more energy to keep doing what you please. Whenever possible, keep in touch with her social life. One activity, however small it may in itself constitute a factor supporting incomparable.
All learning should be built around a new lifestyle. Fatigue is a central pillar of this adaptation and it should be tame, not to be invaded. Adapt implies a reassessment of goals. Examine your short and long term and change to make them realistic and achievable in your new everyday context. You'll be less anxious. Plan your time is a priority to help you understand the daily life with more equanimity. Learn how to find a new rhythm and tell you that this adjustment is necessary for interim recovery.
→ do everyday We must act, copying your attitude about your immediate needs. Act so that your energy is wasted when you have a need precious. Finally take action to continue to fight and not to be overwhelmed by the disease. Speech is paramount throughout it.
Discussion groups exist, they are organized by the patient or at the instigation of hospital staff. Gather to share this event, talking about his problems, how not to get his own anguish at its close, how to react to his own guilt, how to manage and protect family life, often disrupted by this event. Talk to your doctor too. He alone is able to inform you and reassure you about the symptoms you feel, explain and alleviate.
Also, if you have trouble communicating with your relatives, doctor or healthcare team around you can be supportive. Assistance provided by a psychologist may also be considered Keep your mind awake! Think of anything but your treatment and disease. Many activities may take precedence over this period. Reading, relaxation or yoga, music, may be preferred activities or even to consider during this period.
Finally specialists can give you their help and expertise. Physiotherapists or occupational therapists will relieve some of your pain, teach you tricks of living capable of facilitating some aspects of daily life, so that the temporary reduction of your functional abilities do not become handicap. A dietician can help you develop a diet for your condition and your needs. Healthy Eating and drinking heavily, balance your diet will help you maintain your energy level, as fractionated meals in the day.
What changes in your life
The consequences of your illness are many. Everyone can feel very differently the impact of cancer, but overall three tables in your life may be modified more or less intense.
→ The physical with reduced functional capacity, strength and resistance, the physical is often affected. On the one hand by the disease itself, partly by the treatments (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) or surgery necessary in some cases. Often very present in your daily life, the pain affects your sleep and contributes to this alteration of the physical. Fatigue caused can be extreme, causing generalized weakness hindering any of your activities.
→ The psychological aspect: the anxiety generated by the announcement of cancer, which is entirely justified by the importance of such a disease, is often the cause of a morose and depressed behavior. The feeling of distress may also contribute to a loss of autonomy to be taken into account daily. Fatigue and pain can again contribute to a great motivation, loss of interest for many daily tasks. Feelings of frustration, sadness or irritability are commonly cited.
→ The social aspect: fatigue and pain, both physical and moral are involved in decreased activity relationships. Problems with concentration or memory loss you push you back on yourself, to isolate you. Your emotional life suffers. When the work was interrupted, a social bond is broken, and that's all your emotional environment and social alters. Libido may also suffer from this difficult period and away from your partner.
The impact of the disease is such that it causes in some people disabling symptoms, forcing them to go to bed.
Adapting
→ Whatever the proposed treatment, the newspaper will require you to redesign one of your habits. Periods of treatment or surgery of trauma are particularly confusing. It is essential to adapt best to overcome these trials. The entourage is often inseparable from the patient's journey with cancer.
It represents a capital support and guidance you need to know to prepare and preserve. It can help you to have hope, to fight, and prevail over the disease. But if he starts to lose and fragile, it may affect you in managing your background and psychological therapy daily.
It is therefore appropriate that the surroundings are well informed in order to fit better in this new context. Feel free to ask for help if needed. By delegating daily tasks and planning your work you will have more energy to keep doing what you please. Whenever possible, keep in touch with her social life. One activity, however small it may in itself constitute a factor supporting incomparable.
All learning should be built around a new lifestyle. Fatigue is a central pillar of this adaptation and it should be tame, not to be invaded. Adapt implies a reassessment of goals. Examine your short and long term and change to make them realistic and achievable in your new everyday context. You'll be less anxious. Plan your time is a priority to help you understand the daily life with more equanimity. Learn how to find a new rhythm and tell you that this adjustment is necessary for interim recovery.
→ do everyday We must act, copying your attitude about your immediate needs. Act so that your energy is wasted when you have a need precious. Finally take action to continue to fight and not to be overwhelmed by the disease. Speech is paramount throughout it.
Discussion groups exist, they are organized by the patient or at the instigation of hospital staff. Gather to share this event, talking about his problems, how not to get his own anguish at its close, how to react to his own guilt, how to manage and protect family life, often disrupted by this event. Talk to your doctor too. He alone is able to inform you and reassure you about the symptoms you feel, explain and alleviate.
Also, if you have trouble communicating with your relatives, doctor or healthcare team around you can be supportive. Assistance provided by a psychologist may also be considered Keep your mind awake! Think of anything but your treatment and disease. Many activities may take precedence over this period. Reading, relaxation or yoga, music, may be preferred activities or even to consider during this period.
Finally specialists can give you their help and expertise. Physiotherapists or occupational therapists will relieve some of your pain, teach you tricks of living capable of facilitating some aspects of daily life, so that the temporary reduction of your functional abilities do not become handicap. A dietician can help you develop a diet for your condition and your needs. Healthy Eating and drinking heavily, balance your diet will help you maintain your energy level, as fractionated meals in the day.
DECUBITUS
During your illness, your state may compel you to periods of immobility longues.Qu more or less they are related to fatigue or due to treatment following an operation, immobilization and your general fatigue may be responsible for cutaneous, bedsores. Additional source of discomfort and pain, everything must be done to avoid them.
What is a scab?
The mechanism most commonly described for the formation of bedsores is pressure on soft tissue between a bony prominence and the bed or chair where the patient rests. This pressure causes a crash of small blood vessels in the area, causing ischemia (lack of irrigation) to the origin of its necrosis (localized death)
The slough is a pressure ulcer, very susceptible to infections and takes a long time to heal.
Why a slough is formed?
Bedsores occur especially in bedridden people, or minimal movement, but are not a direct result of cancer. Bedsores are a common condition that can cause complications graves.Les regions most susceptible to pressure sores are obviously those where support is: buttocks, heels, lower back, sacrum, elbows, shoulder blades , back of the head, and this, especially as the patient is not in good conditions of bed rest or sitting.
The difficulty of early diagnosis of ulcer lies in the fact that its development began in the subcutaneous tissues, and therefore well before being visible. It then reaches the skin tissue itself, dermis and epidermis.
We must not reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers only to mechanical factors because it is not an ordinary wound, either in its formation or in his care. It is a wound that always falls within a general context is the visible face of the iceberg, the localized expression of a clinical condition that we absolutely appreciate a whole.
Symptoms: It starts with redness, which becomes gradually more marked and that darkens, becoming dark and unresponsive. And disappearance of necrotic skin gives way to an ulcer, exposing the underlying tissues. We should stress the importance of general treatment. The patient should be treated by identifying the circumstances of the occurrence of pressure ulcers to develop local care and overall quality. The first decision is the elimination of the support on the area concerned without endangering other body areas. Nutrition and hydration are also fundamental in nature.
How to treat pressure ulcers?
The description and evaluation of the initial state of the ulcer are essential to choosing a strategy of treatment and care. It will specify the number and location of each violation, stage, size and depth of the wound, the appearance of the skin bordering the lesion. Finally, a pain assessment of its permanence or linked to care. One of the first principles is the early detection of pressure ulcers. His salary is less difficult, that the lesion is beginner. When only the red is visible, it should be treated by removing the pressure, changing position every two to three hours.
Massaging the area may be useful. In case of pressure ulcers, there should be a general treatment of the patient fight against malnutrition and dehydration, while treating the wound locally. This one must above all be kept clean, but the use of antiseptics, often allergenic, is not always advisable.
Contrary to popular belief, wounds heal better in wet than in dry: dressings will therefore have a role to maintain humidity at the wound. There are many types depending on the stage of ulcer. Most are left in place several days and can be washed without wetting the wound. Once the wound thoroughly cleaned with saline, all the dead tissue is removed (excision), and the dressing is placed, the purpose of cleansing.
→ Various dressings
• Hydrocolloids and hydrogels: derived from cellulose, Hydrocellular are mostly used on exuding wounds and hydrogels on dry wounds.
• For polyurethane: transparent films now a humid climate, but permeable to water vapor, thus preventing maceration.
• Alginates: derived from brown algae, form a gel with the exudate from the wound • Dressings coal: on contaminated wounds.
• Tulle mesh often covered with vaseline, paraffin, antibiotic or antiseptic. Usually reserved for wounds whose healing is underway.
• Pulp and gels osmotic proteolytic enzymes: used for cleansing.
Budding (beginning of healing) is then stimulated by using fatty dressings changed every two days (or hydrocolloid dressings Hydrocellular), then réépidermisation is finally assured by the use of fat dressings (hydrocolloids and polyurethane film ).
Protect bedsores?
The slough is multifactorial and we know that two risk factors are essential, immobility and malnutrition. It should therefore be taken to relieve pressure in sensitive areas by the use of materials (mattresses, pillow-top mattresses, seat cushions), stimulate mobility and of course ensure good nutrition and variety. Finally, through targeted information, encouraging participation of the patient and his entourage.
The installation in bed or chair must take account of good joint position, duration of downtime and frequent changes of position, the patient's autonomy. Hygiene is of course a fundamental role and can be combined with massage, providing relief and comfort. Finally rehabilitation care mobility postoperative phase should be considered quickly. Vigilance is paramount and we must always keep in mind that prevention should begin as soon as risks are identified.
→ Evolution of care Recent years have seen the emergence of new generations of products are becoming more sophisticated, no longer the simple role of dressing but helping truly healing. These substances play a role in the microscopic phenomena of healing.
They use:
• Growth factors: Substances with a role in stimulating the growth of skin cells (platelets or patient's blood, synthetic substances).
• The skin substitutes dressings containing skin cells (cultures of skin) or biological substances (hyaluronic acid or collagen).
What is a scab?
The mechanism most commonly described for the formation of bedsores is pressure on soft tissue between a bony prominence and the bed or chair where the patient rests. This pressure causes a crash of small blood vessels in the area, causing ischemia (lack of irrigation) to the origin of its necrosis (localized death)
The slough is a pressure ulcer, very susceptible to infections and takes a long time to heal.
Why a slough is formed?
Bedsores occur especially in bedridden people, or minimal movement, but are not a direct result of cancer. Bedsores are a common condition that can cause complications graves.Les regions most susceptible to pressure sores are obviously those where support is: buttocks, heels, lower back, sacrum, elbows, shoulder blades , back of the head, and this, especially as the patient is not in good conditions of bed rest or sitting.
The difficulty of early diagnosis of ulcer lies in the fact that its development began in the subcutaneous tissues, and therefore well before being visible. It then reaches the skin tissue itself, dermis and epidermis.
We must not reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers only to mechanical factors because it is not an ordinary wound, either in its formation or in his care. It is a wound that always falls within a general context is the visible face of the iceberg, the localized expression of a clinical condition that we absolutely appreciate a whole.
Symptoms: It starts with redness, which becomes gradually more marked and that darkens, becoming dark and unresponsive. And disappearance of necrotic skin gives way to an ulcer, exposing the underlying tissues. We should stress the importance of general treatment. The patient should be treated by identifying the circumstances of the occurrence of pressure ulcers to develop local care and overall quality. The first decision is the elimination of the support on the area concerned without endangering other body areas. Nutrition and hydration are also fundamental in nature.
How to treat pressure ulcers?
The description and evaluation of the initial state of the ulcer are essential to choosing a strategy of treatment and care. It will specify the number and location of each violation, stage, size and depth of the wound, the appearance of the skin bordering the lesion. Finally, a pain assessment of its permanence or linked to care. One of the first principles is the early detection of pressure ulcers. His salary is less difficult, that the lesion is beginner. When only the red is visible, it should be treated by removing the pressure, changing position every two to three hours.
Massaging the area may be useful. In case of pressure ulcers, there should be a general treatment of the patient fight against malnutrition and dehydration, while treating the wound locally. This one must above all be kept clean, but the use of antiseptics, often allergenic, is not always advisable.
Contrary to popular belief, wounds heal better in wet than in dry: dressings will therefore have a role to maintain humidity at the wound. There are many types depending on the stage of ulcer. Most are left in place several days and can be washed without wetting the wound. Once the wound thoroughly cleaned with saline, all the dead tissue is removed (excision), and the dressing is placed, the purpose of cleansing.
→ Various dressings
• Hydrocolloids and hydrogels: derived from cellulose, Hydrocellular are mostly used on exuding wounds and hydrogels on dry wounds.
• For polyurethane: transparent films now a humid climate, but permeable to water vapor, thus preventing maceration.
• Alginates: derived from brown algae, form a gel with the exudate from the wound • Dressings coal: on contaminated wounds.
• Tulle mesh often covered with vaseline, paraffin, antibiotic or antiseptic. Usually reserved for wounds whose healing is underway.
• Pulp and gels osmotic proteolytic enzymes: used for cleansing.
Budding (beginning of healing) is then stimulated by using fatty dressings changed every two days (or hydrocolloid dressings Hydrocellular), then réépidermisation is finally assured by the use of fat dressings (hydrocolloids and polyurethane film ).
Protect bedsores?
The slough is multifactorial and we know that two risk factors are essential, immobility and malnutrition. It should therefore be taken to relieve pressure in sensitive areas by the use of materials (mattresses, pillow-top mattresses, seat cushions), stimulate mobility and of course ensure good nutrition and variety. Finally, through targeted information, encouraging participation of the patient and his entourage.
The installation in bed or chair must take account of good joint position, duration of downtime and frequent changes of position, the patient's autonomy. Hygiene is of course a fundamental role and can be combined with massage, providing relief and comfort. Finally rehabilitation care mobility postoperative phase should be considered quickly. Vigilance is paramount and we must always keep in mind that prevention should begin as soon as risks are identified.
→ Evolution of care Recent years have seen the emergence of new generations of products are becoming more sophisticated, no longer the simple role of dressing but helping truly healing. These substances play a role in the microscopic phenomena of healing.
They use:
• Growth factors: Substances with a role in stimulating the growth of skin cells (platelets or patient's blood, synthetic substances).
• The skin substitutes dressings containing skin cells (cultures of skin) or biological substances (hyaluronic acid or collagen).
fatigue of cancer
You feel tired? You do not know how to talk? Aware that this is a very common symptom, sometimes even regarded as an element of diagnosis.
You are being processed
Fatigue is almost constant, especially throughout chemotherapy. Its causes are multiple. The pain can extenuate you like the various treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) you receive. But the anxiety, insomnia and depression can also exacerbate this fatigue, while reducing your motivation and being a source of problems with memory and concentration. Finally, infections may also increase the feeling of fatigue. For people undergoing radiotherapy, fatigue occurs mostly at the end of treatment. In all cases it is transient and must therefore arm yourself with patience.
You finished your treatment
You thought you could return immediately "form" as before. But here, you may still feel tired. You feel the "pump strokes. You do not recover even after a good night's sleep. This fatigue can last several weeks or months but eventually disappear. Know it is not in itself a sign of recovery from the disease. Fatigue is a very common complaint among treated or been treated for cancer. In a recent study, it is found in approximately 80% of patients, and among these, 90% say that the fatigue is so exhausting that it prevents them from pursuing their daily activities. Apart from some special cases where it is due to anemia or inadequate functioning of the thyroid or adrenal, we did not recognize a specific cause. It can be increased by a depression underlying. Therefore, it is important to talk to your doctor who may seek a precise cause fatigue and treat it.
According to many accounts, fatigue is a symptom minus by many physicians. Thus, it is often overlooked or undervalued. Thus, the painful sensation of not being able to live at a pace quite normal, there is often for the patient, some guilt. Above all, do not feel guilty about being tired. Know that fatigue, if sometimes unsustainable over time, will eventually fade and disappear. It has no pejorative meaning.
Are there treatments against fatigue?
There are no specific drugs for anemia unless it is due to anemia or a functional failure, thyroid or adrenal. If you eat properly and equitably, you do not need extra vitamins or trace elements.
However, there are "small means" that can be of great help
• return to work appropriately and progressive • rest, lying down or sitting when one feels the need, knowing that short rest periods are ideal for recuperation.
• balance his time sleeping. The nap can help you recover during the day. Do however, that it is too long, you would have difficulty getting to sleep at night. A whole night's sleep will help conserve your energy.
• ask for help with everyday tasks more taxing.
• Have regular physical activity. Adapt it to your personality and your condition: walking, gymnastics, swimming.
• The important thing is that this activity is regular and consistent with your capabilities. Yoga and relaxation are also good ways to recharge. Many people think that light physical exercise significantly reduce their fatigue levels. Feel free to ask your doctor the kind of exercise that suit you best.
You are being processed
Fatigue is almost constant, especially throughout chemotherapy. Its causes are multiple. The pain can extenuate you like the various treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) you receive. But the anxiety, insomnia and depression can also exacerbate this fatigue, while reducing your motivation and being a source of problems with memory and concentration. Finally, infections may also increase the feeling of fatigue. For people undergoing radiotherapy, fatigue occurs mostly at the end of treatment. In all cases it is transient and must therefore arm yourself with patience.
You finished your treatment
You thought you could return immediately "form" as before. But here, you may still feel tired. You feel the "pump strokes. You do not recover even after a good night's sleep. This fatigue can last several weeks or months but eventually disappear. Know it is not in itself a sign of recovery from the disease. Fatigue is a very common complaint among treated or been treated for cancer. In a recent study, it is found in approximately 80% of patients, and among these, 90% say that the fatigue is so exhausting that it prevents them from pursuing their daily activities. Apart from some special cases where it is due to anemia or inadequate functioning of the thyroid or adrenal, we did not recognize a specific cause. It can be increased by a depression underlying. Therefore, it is important to talk to your doctor who may seek a precise cause fatigue and treat it.
According to many accounts, fatigue is a symptom minus by many physicians. Thus, it is often overlooked or undervalued. Thus, the painful sensation of not being able to live at a pace quite normal, there is often for the patient, some guilt. Above all, do not feel guilty about being tired. Know that fatigue, if sometimes unsustainable over time, will eventually fade and disappear. It has no pejorative meaning.
Are there treatments against fatigue?
There are no specific drugs for anemia unless it is due to anemia or a functional failure, thyroid or adrenal. If you eat properly and equitably, you do not need extra vitamins or trace elements.
However, there are "small means" that can be of great help
• return to work appropriately and progressive • rest, lying down or sitting when one feels the need, knowing that short rest periods are ideal for recuperation.
• balance his time sleeping. The nap can help you recover during the day. Do however, that it is too long, you would have difficulty getting to sleep at night. A whole night's sleep will help conserve your energy.
• ask for help with everyday tasks more taxing.
• Have regular physical activity. Adapt it to your personality and your condition: walking, gymnastics, swimming.
• The important thing is that this activity is regular and consistent with your capabilities. Yoga and relaxation are also good ways to recharge. Many people think that light physical exercise significantly reduce their fatigue levels. Feel free to ask your doctor the kind of exercise that suit you best.
FEEDING TREATED FOR CANCER
During and after your treatment, balanced diet may be changed. Loss of appetite, overweight, weight loss are common responses that some of you will have to see.
Some treatments may require special treatment: it is with cortisone and its derivatives, which administered for prolonged periods must be accompanied by a low salt diet.
General Tips
Apart from special cases and beyond certain limitations, you can eat what you want. Your diet must remain varied and balanced, both quantitatively and qualitatively. → Watch your weight. Know that the appetite is often disturbed: these disorders vary from person to person and also a cure to another to adjust your eating schedule of infusions and your own tolerance. Continue to drink plenty not to dehydrate you.
If weight loss, promote food fortification and split the food intake. Increase calorie intake by eating more butter, cream, mayonnaise, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, jam, honey ... Emphasize foods high in protein (eggs, dairy products, meat and fish, cereals), which provide strength and energy while helping you keep your weight. If you skipped a meal, try to compensate at another time of day or the next. Do not be disturbed.
However, if this condition persists, tell your doctor who will prescribe, if deemed useful, nutritional supplements. Remember that cold foods and simple are often more appreciated than hot food or sauce. Note: Nutritional supplements are generally not fully reimbursed by Social Security as part of a treatment for cancer (Clinutren, Cubitan ...). Only Renutril is fully supported to date.
If instead, you have gained weight, as often with chemotherapy, try to regain your normal weight, but beware of schemes. Do not take the initiative yourself without talking to your doctor. Your body needs quality food to maintain its strength and ensure the fight against the disease. Weight gain is usually following treatment and transitional. Everything back to normal on discontinuation of treatment.
After surgery
Apart from the early post-operatively, only some interventions require adequate nutrition: • after removal of the stomach, you will be ready to take small meals, repeated in the day (5 to 6 meals per day) • after a colostomy (bag drifting colon contents to the skin): there is no food strictly forbidden, but avoid any constipation or diarrhea. In these cases, counseling and dietary precautions will be given in detail by the team. Constipating foods: rice, tapioca, cooked carrots, quince jelly. Food laxatives: whole milk, wholemeal bread, wholemeal, raw vegetables and fruits, spices. Foods providing gas: dried vegetables, melons, onions, soft drinks, cabbage, broccoli, salsify, grape ...
During radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Chemotherapy in general and radiotherapy of head and neck region often cause problems with sore mouth and throat making swallowing difficult and sometimes even food.
→ Some suggestions:
Foods to avoid
• Acid foods: lemon, grapefruit, orange, tomato pickles ...
• Dry Food: Bread, cakes, meat, chicken ...
• Food crunchy cereals, chips, fruit and raw vegetables, plain rice ...
• Drinks: beer, wine, alcohol
• Food too hot or too cold or spicy
Food Advisor
• Food neutral apple compote, fruit salad in syrup, pears, Dairy ... • minced meat or cooked in broth, custard pudding, biscuits soaked in milk ...
• Pasta or rice with gravy, pureed vegetables or fruit ...
• Water, milk, fruit juice, non-acid, soda "stale"
• Drink warm, slightly spicy foods. Some people like small jars for babies.
After radiotherapy, it is common that the mouth is dry and free of saliva. Your doctor will prescribe an artificial saliva. Drink plenty of water in small quantities and often, and rinse your mouth several times daily with a water solution of bicarbonate that you advise your doctor. Finally, fight against the canker sores and mucositis adopting impeccable oral hygiene.
Nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy of the chest, chest, and abdomen, these disorders can also be caused by chemotherapy. Sensitivity to odors can also be exacerbated and strengthen the feeling nauseated. Avoid then the body perfumes or perfumes. Emphasize power neutral and devoid of strong odors, again, split your meal. Choose dishes low in fat, little bit spicy or sweet. Foods warm or cold can also relieve you. But if you can not keep food you eat, you should ask your doctor to prescribe anti-nausea adapted.
Diarrhea or constipation are also frequent consequences or a radiation to the abdomen or chemotherapy, causing a disruption of digestion and absorption. The major risk of diarrhea is dehydration. You should therefore think to drink about two liters of water per day to compensate for water loss and potassium. Colas de-aerated are rich in potassium and therefore strongly recommended for diarrhea.
→ Some suggestions:
Foods to avoid • Fatty meats:
pork, lamb, sauce dishes
• Delicatessens
• Oily fish: salmon, mackerel, sardines, smoked fish
• Vegetables rich in fiber: beans, cabbage, spinach
• Legumes: peas, lentils ...
• Chips, crisps. •
Dried fruit: raisins, dates
• Fruit oilseeds: walnuts, almonds, peanuts
• Dairy: Avoid richest fat
Food Advisor
• Lean meats: beef, veal, chicken without skin, meat and fish grilled or boiled
• Fish meager: hake, sea bream, shrimp ...
• purees vegetables, carrots, zucchini ...
• Pasta and rice.
• Fruit peeled cooked in salads or compotes
• Prioritizing forms low in fat.
Constipation is often caused by the action of drugs: painkillers or anti-vomiting but also to changes in dietary consumption. Again hydration is essential: flat water or broth, juice of fruits such as prunes and a nice cold drink on waking can stimulate a bowel movement a little lazy. Prefer fiber foods cooked or raw, milk products, cream dessert. Associate the starchy green vegetables. In all cases drug treatment may be associated with dietary advice.
Some treatments may require special treatment: it is with cortisone and its derivatives, which administered for prolonged periods must be accompanied by a low salt diet.
General Tips
Apart from special cases and beyond certain limitations, you can eat what you want. Your diet must remain varied and balanced, both quantitatively and qualitatively. → Watch your weight. Know that the appetite is often disturbed: these disorders vary from person to person and also a cure to another to adjust your eating schedule of infusions and your own tolerance. Continue to drink plenty not to dehydrate you.
If weight loss, promote food fortification and split the food intake. Increase calorie intake by eating more butter, cream, mayonnaise, yogurt, cheese, ice cream, jam, honey ... Emphasize foods high in protein (eggs, dairy products, meat and fish, cereals), which provide strength and energy while helping you keep your weight. If you skipped a meal, try to compensate at another time of day or the next. Do not be disturbed.
However, if this condition persists, tell your doctor who will prescribe, if deemed useful, nutritional supplements. Remember that cold foods and simple are often more appreciated than hot food or sauce. Note: Nutritional supplements are generally not fully reimbursed by Social Security as part of a treatment for cancer (Clinutren, Cubitan ...). Only Renutril is fully supported to date.
If instead, you have gained weight, as often with chemotherapy, try to regain your normal weight, but beware of schemes. Do not take the initiative yourself without talking to your doctor. Your body needs quality food to maintain its strength and ensure the fight against the disease. Weight gain is usually following treatment and transitional. Everything back to normal on discontinuation of treatment.
After surgery
Apart from the early post-operatively, only some interventions require adequate nutrition: • after removal of the stomach, you will be ready to take small meals, repeated in the day (5 to 6 meals per day) • after a colostomy (bag drifting colon contents to the skin): there is no food strictly forbidden, but avoid any constipation or diarrhea. In these cases, counseling and dietary precautions will be given in detail by the team. Constipating foods: rice, tapioca, cooked carrots, quince jelly. Food laxatives: whole milk, wholemeal bread, wholemeal, raw vegetables and fruits, spices. Foods providing gas: dried vegetables, melons, onions, soft drinks, cabbage, broccoli, salsify, grape ...
During radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Chemotherapy in general and radiotherapy of head and neck region often cause problems with sore mouth and throat making swallowing difficult and sometimes even food.
→ Some suggestions:
Foods to avoid
• Acid foods: lemon, grapefruit, orange, tomato pickles ...
• Dry Food: Bread, cakes, meat, chicken ...
• Food crunchy cereals, chips, fruit and raw vegetables, plain rice ...
• Drinks: beer, wine, alcohol
• Food too hot or too cold or spicy
Food Advisor
• Food neutral apple compote, fruit salad in syrup, pears, Dairy ... • minced meat or cooked in broth, custard pudding, biscuits soaked in milk ...
• Pasta or rice with gravy, pureed vegetables or fruit ...
• Water, milk, fruit juice, non-acid, soda "stale"
• Drink warm, slightly spicy foods. Some people like small jars for babies.
After radiotherapy, it is common that the mouth is dry and free of saliva. Your doctor will prescribe an artificial saliva. Drink plenty of water in small quantities and often, and rinse your mouth several times daily with a water solution of bicarbonate that you advise your doctor. Finally, fight against the canker sores and mucositis adopting impeccable oral hygiene.
Nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy of the chest, chest, and abdomen, these disorders can also be caused by chemotherapy. Sensitivity to odors can also be exacerbated and strengthen the feeling nauseated. Avoid then the body perfumes or perfumes. Emphasize power neutral and devoid of strong odors, again, split your meal. Choose dishes low in fat, little bit spicy or sweet. Foods warm or cold can also relieve you. But if you can not keep food you eat, you should ask your doctor to prescribe anti-nausea adapted.
Diarrhea or constipation are also frequent consequences or a radiation to the abdomen or chemotherapy, causing a disruption of digestion and absorption. The major risk of diarrhea is dehydration. You should therefore think to drink about two liters of water per day to compensate for water loss and potassium. Colas de-aerated are rich in potassium and therefore strongly recommended for diarrhea.
→ Some suggestions:
Foods to avoid • Fatty meats:
pork, lamb, sauce dishes
• Delicatessens
• Oily fish: salmon, mackerel, sardines, smoked fish
• Vegetables rich in fiber: beans, cabbage, spinach
• Legumes: peas, lentils ...
• Chips, crisps. •
Dried fruit: raisins, dates
• Fruit oilseeds: walnuts, almonds, peanuts
• Dairy: Avoid richest fat
Food Advisor
• Lean meats: beef, veal, chicken without skin, meat and fish grilled or boiled
• Fish meager: hake, sea bream, shrimp ...
• purees vegetables, carrots, zucchini ...
• Pasta and rice.
• Fruit peeled cooked in salads or compotes
• Prioritizing forms low in fat.
Constipation is often caused by the action of drugs: painkillers or anti-vomiting but also to changes in dietary consumption. Again hydration is essential: flat water or broth, juice of fruits such as prunes and a nice cold drink on waking can stimulate a bowel movement a little lazy. Prefer fiber foods cooked or raw, milk products, cream dessert. Associate the starchy green vegetables. In all cases drug treatment may be associated with dietary advice.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FIGURES AND MEASURING RISK
During and after treatment, the practice of most sports is possible, since the general condition and physical condition of the patient permit.
Moderate and regular practice of sport is always beneficial both physically and psychologically, except particular disability.
The appearance of cancer is a major upheaval in daily life and hampers the pursuit of sporting activities. Depending on the type of cancer being treated and its effects on general condition, also according to the type of sport practiced previously, sports will be more difficult or even impossible during the treatment period. The physician treating it belongs to advise his patient on the practice of adequate physical activity and beneficial.
Once processing is completed or during convalescence, some sequelae may prohibit or restrict the sport. Lymph node dissection in the armpit, following treatment of breast cancer,
accompanied by upper limb weakness and exposes the risk of lymphedema and big arms and some sports are then avoided like tennis or archery and it will guide the sport into more gentle, such as swimming or cycling, performed reasonably.
Walking and gentle exercises are often good advice. After surgical treatment, as part of colon cancer for example and a fortiori in cases of colostomy, the walls of the abdomen are weak and sports an intense mobilization of the abdominal muscles should be avoided. A number of tumors or treatment temporarily reduce lung function and lead for a few months from practicing sports altitude or scuba diving. But the practice of swimming remains very often.
A colostomy may be masked by wearing swimsuits large and there are swimwear with a prosthesis in cases of breast removal. Finally, in case of limb amputation, current technologies are developing more and more compensation means allowing everyone to practice the sport that suits him.
Generally, away from his cancer treatment, a patient suffers from few limitations in practicing a sport and the sport often helps stabilize again participating in his recovery. Some athletes who have won their fight against cancer and had then risen to the highest level of athletic competition reflect these possibilities.
Means and possible aid
A young, 6 to 20 years must participate in sport and daily moderate lasting 60 minutes. In a young person without training, it is directed to begin this training by 30 minutes daily. Similarly, we must practice more intensive exercises at least twice a week to improve his physical condition.
An adult 20 to 64 must engage in moderate exercise at least three to five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time, to maintain some flexibility and its capital muscle and bone. The total duration of activity can be obtained by accumulating short daily exercise periods of 10 minutes but at a sufficient rate (eg ten minutes a day to walk very fast). Once or twice weekly exercise sessions supported are more useful for maintaining and improving physical performance, including the cardiac and respiratory function.
Senior citizens 65 and older should include light physical activity to moderate in their daily lifestyle, take the stairs rather than elevators, shopping on foot, are, as far as possible, good habits. In addition, they must also perform exercises to maintain and improve their muscular strength, flexibility, balance and hand-eye coordination.
But only your doctor can tell you what sport practice, by type of cancer you have or the risk to which you are exposed.
Finally, the sport can provide a social and professional rehabilitation of high value whose long-term implications are undeniable.
Moderate and regular practice of sport is always beneficial both physically and psychologically, except particular disability.
The appearance of cancer is a major upheaval in daily life and hampers the pursuit of sporting activities. Depending on the type of cancer being treated and its effects on general condition, also according to the type of sport practiced previously, sports will be more difficult or even impossible during the treatment period. The physician treating it belongs to advise his patient on the practice of adequate physical activity and beneficial.
Once processing is completed or during convalescence, some sequelae may prohibit or restrict the sport. Lymph node dissection in the armpit, following treatment of breast cancer,
accompanied by upper limb weakness and exposes the risk of lymphedema and big arms and some sports are then avoided like tennis or archery and it will guide the sport into more gentle, such as swimming or cycling, performed reasonably.
Walking and gentle exercises are often good advice. After surgical treatment, as part of colon cancer for example and a fortiori in cases of colostomy, the walls of the abdomen are weak and sports an intense mobilization of the abdominal muscles should be avoided. A number of tumors or treatment temporarily reduce lung function and lead for a few months from practicing sports altitude or scuba diving. But the practice of swimming remains very often.
A colostomy may be masked by wearing swimsuits large and there are swimwear with a prosthesis in cases of breast removal. Finally, in case of limb amputation, current technologies are developing more and more compensation means allowing everyone to practice the sport that suits him.
Generally, away from his cancer treatment, a patient suffers from few limitations in practicing a sport and the sport often helps stabilize again participating in his recovery. Some athletes who have won their fight against cancer and had then risen to the highest level of athletic competition reflect these possibilities.
Means and possible aid
A young, 6 to 20 years must participate in sport and daily moderate lasting 60 minutes. In a young person without training, it is directed to begin this training by 30 minutes daily. Similarly, we must practice more intensive exercises at least twice a week to improve his physical condition.
An adult 20 to 64 must engage in moderate exercise at least three to five times a week for at least 30 minutes each time, to maintain some flexibility and its capital muscle and bone. The total duration of activity can be obtained by accumulating short daily exercise periods of 10 minutes but at a sufficient rate (eg ten minutes a day to walk very fast). Once or twice weekly exercise sessions supported are more useful for maintaining and improving physical performance, including the cardiac and respiratory function.
Senior citizens 65 and older should include light physical activity to moderate in their daily lifestyle, take the stairs rather than elevators, shopping on foot, are, as far as possible, good habits. In addition, they must also perform exercises to maintain and improve their muscular strength, flexibility, balance and hand-eye coordination.
But only your doctor can tell you what sport practice, by type of cancer you have or the risk to which you are exposed.
Finally, the sport can provide a social and professional rehabilitation of high value whose long-term implications are undeniable.
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